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�ڿ�� ȯ��: �� , �� ׸�� - �� 4�� ¾� ��

4-1. �� ȯ
4-2. ȫ��
4-3. ǳȭ, ħ��, ��, �׸��
4-4. ��
�� н�
��

4-2. ȫ��
4-2-1. ȫ��
�� ΰ�� ־� �� ġ�� ظ� ��⵵ �Ѵ�. �� ߿� �ϳ�� ٷ� ȫ��(flood)�̴�. ȫ�� ª�� ð�� (ȣ��) �� õ�� ް��ϰ� ��Ͽ� ��ϴ� �� ϸ� �̷� �� Ѿư� �Ӹ� �ƴ϶� ��(�ǹ� �ı�, ��ħ��, �� ħ��)�� ظ� ��ϱ⵵ �Ѵ�(�׸� 4-2-1�� 4-2-2). �ڿ�� ط� �з��Ǵ� ȫ�� 迡�� ߻��󵵰� �� ֱٿ� �߻��ϴ� �ڿ�� κ�� ȫ��̴�.

�׸� 4-2-1. 1970�� ȫ�� (��, 2004)
(http://www.chem1.com/acad/sci/aboutwater.html)

�׸� 4-2-2. 1996�� ֹ�� ȫ�� (��, 2004)
(http://www.chem1.com/acad/sci/aboutwater.html)

�׸� 4-2-3. �� ӱ�(http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:KaiserYao.jpg)
��κ�� ӱ�� ؾ� �� ߿�� ӹ� �� ϳ�� ̿� �� ȫ��κ�� 鼺�� ȣ�ϴ� ��̾��. �� ȭ�� þ�� ӱ�(�� ӱ�� Բ� ��)�� 9�Ⱓ ��ӵ� Ȳ�� ȫ�� ٽ��ν� �� ϰ� �� ȭ�� ִ�(�׸� 4-2-3�� ׸� 4-2-4).

�׸� 4-2-4. Ȳ��
(http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:HukouWaterfall4.jpg)

�� 4�� ߻�� ϳ�� Ʈ ��ϰ�� 쿡�� ֱ�� ȫ�� ̴�. �̴� û��ϰ�� Ʈ�ٶ� �� Ͼ��. ȫ�� ߻��ϸ� �� 1~2 m �̻� ħ��ǰ�, �� ܵ� ��ó�� ȴ�. ��Ʈ�� Ķ��Դ� ȫ�� ϰ� ��ظ� ��̴� �� ſ� �߿�� ӹ��. �׷�� κ�� ⸧�� ͼ� �� 並 �׾� �÷� �� Ǳ⵵ �Ͽ��(�׸� 4-2-5).

�׸� 4-2-5. ��迡�� ϰ� �ֺ��
(http://www.fotolibra.com/gallery32311/)

�� ֱٿ� �ͼ� �� 뵵�� Ȩ�� ִ�. ��ſ�� 쿡�� ð� ��ξ� �ξ�� õõ�� Ͽ�� κ�� Ϸ� ħ��Ͽ�� ȭ�� Ǹ鼭 ��κ�� ǥ�� ǹ�� ƽ��Ʈ�� Ǿ� �� Ѳ�� ȭ�� õ�� Ǿ� ȫ�� 찡 ��(�׸� 4-2-6). �ֱٿ�� ̿� �� ȫ��ظ� ��̱� �� ǥ�� ü�ϰ� �ִ�.

�׸� 4-2-6. �̱� �÷θ�� ȫ��
(http://www.solarnavigator.net/floods.htm)

�� ̿ܿ�� ³�ȭ�� ĺ�ȭ�� ߿�� ϰ� �ִ�. ��ſ� �� ֱٿ�� ܽð�� Ѳ�� ߰��(ȣ��)�� ϰ� �߻��ϰ� �ִ�. �츮�� ߰��쿡 �� ȫ�� ذ� ��κ� ��ö�� ߵǾ�� ֱٿ�� ö�� 9-10�� û�� ܽð�� ذ� �߻��ϰ� �ִ�.
�׷�� ⼭ �츮�� ȫ��  Ư¡�� ִ�� 캸��(http://blog.naver.com/iam_sue/70022670743).
�� 츮�� ȫ�� ö �� ⿡ �� 帶��, ��츦 ��ϴ� 2��3�� ǳ�� ȣ�쿡 �� ߻��Ѵ�. ȣ�� ߻��󵵰� �� δ� ��ؾ�, �� α�� û�� ȭ�� ߽�� Ϻ�, �� α�� 갣�� ֵ��̴�.
�� 츮�� 2/3 �̻�� Ǿ� �ִ�. �� (��)�� κ�� ߼��õ�� ޷�� ȣ�찡 ��õ�� ߵǴ� �� ִ�. �� κ�� ǳȭ�� ȭ��ϰ� �� Ǿ� �־�, �Ǻ��䰡 �� ɷ�� 뷮�� 糪 �ϼ�� з�� ¿� �� ȫ��ظ� ��߽�Ű�� ִ�.
�� 츮�� ȭ�� ȭ�� ̿�� ȭ�ʿ� �� ؿ�� ظ�� ϴ� �߼�� , �� غ�� ϰ� �ִ�(�׸� 4-2-7).

�׸� 4-2-7. �츮�� ڿ�� ؾ� ��ȭ(��, 2004)

4-2-2. ��
��(drought)�� ȫ�� ݴ�Ǵ� ��̴�. ��  �Ⱓ �� Ϲ��δ� �� ̾�� 츦 ��Ѵ�(��Ű�ǵ��, 2010). �׷�� ̷� �� Ͽ� ��, �� ġ�� ⿡ �� ϰ� ��ϱ⵵ �Ѵ�(�� ؿ� �� - �ΰ��б� ��󿬱��).
�� : �� տ� �̴��ϴ� �� Ѵ�. �� , ��¥�� ׸�� ε� �ٸ�� ش��, �ش� ��¥�� ġ�� Ͽ� ��ġ�� Ÿ��. �� EDI (Effective Drought Index)�� ⿡ ��ϸ� �� ǥ��ȭ�� Ÿ��.
�� : �� ߽��Ѵٴ� �� ܿ� ��߷�, ��귮 �� Ѵٴ� �� ̰� �ִ�. ��߷�, ��귮 �� Ⱓ�� ģ �� ڷᰡ �� ��Ͽ� ��ϴ� ��찡 ��. PDSI(Palmer Drought Severity Index; Palmer 1965)�� ⿡ ��Ѵ�.
�� : ��۹� ��忡 �ʿ�� Ȯ�� ϴ� �� ϹǷ� ��п�� Ͽ� ��ȴ�. ��۹�� ʿ�� ٸ��Ƿ� �� ۹�� ٸ� �Ӱ谪�� ϳ�, �� ۹�� . �̸� �Ǵ��ϴ� ��ǥ�δ� Soil Moisture Drought Index (SMDI)�� ִ�.
�� (= ��ȸ �� ) : �� ܼ�� ̶� Ī�ϱ⵵ �Ѵ�. ��̳�, �� ׸�� õ�� Ǿ� �� ذ� ��Ǵ� �� Ѵ�. �� ܿ�� ϼ�� , �� , ��õ �� ִٴ� �� ū ��̰� �ִ�. �� پ ��ϵ�, �Һ� �þ� ��ϵ�, �� ̳� ��ذ� �߻��ϸ� �� Ѵٴ� �� , ��, �� ٸ��. ��, ��, �� հ�� ̸� �߽��ϴµ� �� Ͽ� ��ȴ�.
�� ΰ� ��ȸ�� ظ� �ʷ��Ѵ�.
�� ִ� �� ų� ��Ƿ� �ϻ�� Ȱ�� ϴ�. �� İų� �� ϱ⵵ ��ƴ�(�׸� 4-2-8�� 4-2-9). 2009�� ʿ� 3�� ̻� ��ӵ� �� ¹�� սǸ� 2000�� Ѵٰ� �Ѵ�(��Ϻ�, 2009).

�׸� 4-2-8. �¹� �� ñ� �� ޼��
(�¹��ͳݴ��; www.tjinews.co.kr/ArticleVi...on=001001)

�׸� 4-2-9. �¹� �� ñ� �ҹ漭�� ޼��
(�¹��ͳݴ��; www.tjinews.co.kr/ArticleVi...on=001001)

�谡�� ΰ�� Ȱ�� ظ� �� Ӹ� �ƴ϶� ��۹� �� Ĺ�� Ұ��ϰ� �Ѵ�. �� ޹�� ϴ� �۹�� ߰� ��Ѵ�(�׸� 4-2-10�� ׸� 4-2-11).

�׸� 4-2-10. �̱� �׺��ī �� <
(http://ianrhome.unl.edu/drought/photos.shtml)

�׸� 4-2-11. �� ε� ��̵��ٵ�� ٴڰ� ��
(http://blog.joins.com/media/folderlis...=10603481)

�� ΰ��Ȱ�� Ѿ� �� ´�. �� (�췲��, 2007). �پ �� Ǵ� �� ڱ� �ر��ߴ�� ڵ�� پ�� Դ�. ��̾� ��̰� Ķ��Ͼƴ� �� "��, �� ٲٴ١�� п�� ֿ� �� " �̶�� Ѵ�. �� -��īź �ݵ�� ô޸�� ̾��. �� ε�� ȭ�� , �� ü� �� ȯ�� غ��ϱ� �� ߴ�. �� ر�� 750~1025�⿡ �ɰ�� . �� ô� ��û�� Ŀ�� α�� ұ� ��, �ƹ�� ü�� ξ�� ص� �� Ȥ�� ӿ� �¼��⿡�� ̾��.

�׸� 4-2-12. ��߹�� -�߾ӾƸ޸�ī�� ߽�� , ��׸��, ��īź �ݵ� �� ߽�� (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Palenque_Ruins.jpg).

4-3. ǳȭ, ħ��, ��, �׸��

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